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In vitro dissolution of cystine urinary calculi
The Journal of Urology
|October 1, 1986
Summary
This study found 2% acetylcysteine effectively dissolves cystine urinary calculi in vitro. While it caused temporary urothelial inflammation in rats, its efficacy in dissolving stones was notable.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Nephrology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cystine urinary calculi are challenging to dissolve.
- Limited in vitro and in vivo data exist on dissolution agents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of sodium hydroxide, acetylcysteine, and tromethamine in dissolving cystine calculi.
- To assess the in vivo urothelial effects of acetylcysteine and tromethamine in rats.
Main Methods:
- In vitro dissolution of cystine calculi using various agents at different pH levels.
- In vivo assessment of urothelial response to irrigating solutions in Sprague-Dawley rats via nephrostomy tubes.
Main Results:
- 2% acetylcysteine demonstrated the highest efficacy in dissolving cystine calculi at pH 10.0.
- In vivo, 2% acetylcysteine irrigation caused acute urothelial inflammation, which resolved within 4 weeks.
- Tromethamine did not mitigate the inflammatory response caused by acetylcysteine.
Conclusions:
- 2% acetylcysteine is an effective agent for dissolving cystine urinary calculi.
- While urothelial irritation occurs, it appears to be transient and manageable.