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Change in Peak Oxygen Uptake Predicted by the Moderate 1-km Treadmill Walking Test After Walking Training in
Andrea Raisi1, Eva Bernardi, Jonathan Myers
1Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (Messrs Raisi and Piva, Drs Bernardi, Masotti, Mazzoni, Grazzi, and Mandini and Ms Zerbini), Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, Illinois, the United States (Drs Myers and Grazzi); Division of Cardiology, VA Palo Alto, California, the United States, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, the United States (Dr Myers); Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (Drs Menegatti and Caruso); and Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (Drs Mazzoni and Grazzi).
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the moderate 1-km treadmill walking test (1km-TWT) to predict changes in peak oxygen uptake (V˙O 2peak ) in patients with stable cardiovascular disease (CVD) during an exercise-based secondary prevention program.
Methods:
Sixty-four male outpatients with stable CVD (age 64 [41-85] yr) performed the 1km-TWT before and after an 8-wk walking training program. Patient V˙O 2peak was estimated using a sex-specific equation including age, body mass index, 1km-TWT performance time, and heart rate (V˙O 2peakEST ). Forty-one patients completed a maximal cardiopulmonary treadmill test (CPX) for direct V˙O 2peak determination (V˙O 2peakMEAS ). The training prescription consisted of moderate-to-high intensity supervised walking for 30-40 min/session, and an additional 2-4 times/wk of unsupervised home moderate walking sessions between 20-60 min at the end of the program. The walking intensity was based on the results of the 1km-TWT.
Results:
Patients participated in an average of 14 of the 16 supervised sessions. An overall significant improvement in V˙O 2peakMEAS and weekly recreational physical activity levels were observed. No differences were observed between V˙O 2peakMEAS and V˙O 2peakEST . Compared with CPX results, the 1km-TWT underestimated the V˙O 2peak increase after the exercise intervention (mean difference -0.3 mL/kg/min, P > .05).
Conclusions:
The 1km-TWT provides a reasonably accurate and simple tool to predict changes in V˙O 2peak due to moderate walking training in male outpatients with CVD. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of the 1km-TWT for exercise testing and training purposes in the context of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs.
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