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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Delivery of the Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Immortalized and Primary Cells via Virus-like Particles "Nanoblades"

Delivery of the Cas9/sgRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Immortalized and Primary Cells via Virus-like Particles "Nanoblades"

Published on: March 31, 2021

Living virus-based nanohybrids for biomedical applications.

Lulu Jin¹, Zhengwei Mao¹

¹MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology

|August 24, 2023

Summary

Living virus-based nanohybrids (LVN) offer advanced theranostic potential by combining viral targeting with nanotechnology. These novel agents overcome virotherapy limitations, enhancing safety and efficacy for diverse diseases.

Keywords:

biohybrids diagnosis nanomedicine treatment virus

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

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Published on: November 16, 2012

Area of Science:

Nanomedicine
Biotechnology
Materials Science

Background:

Living viruses possess unique biological functions for theranostics but face challenges like immune clearance and low transduction efficiency.
Synthetic nanomaterials are explored for drug delivery, yet integrating them with biological entities remains complex.
Living virus-based nanohybrids (LVN) emerge as a solution, merging viral attributes with nanotech benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamental properties and construction of LVN.
To highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of LVN.
To discuss future challenges and perspectives in LVN development.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on virus properties and nanotechnology.
Analysis of LVN construction methodologies.
Synthesis of information on LVN performance in various disease models.

Main Results:

LVN overcome limitations of traditional virotherapy, such as immune clearance and safety concerns.
LVN demonstrate promising diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities across multiple pathological conditions.
The integration of viral and nanomaterial properties creates synergistic effects for enhanced treatment.

Conclusions:

LVN represent a significant advancement in theranostic modalities, offering improved efficacy and safety.
Further research into LVN construction and application is crucial for clinical translation.
LVN hold substantial promise for future therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in medicine.