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Multiscale design strategies for high-performance hemostatic bioadhesives.
Ruilin Shang1, Lisha Yu2, Zhengwei Mao1,2,3
1MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. zwmao@zju.edu.cn.
Biomaterials Science
|April 14, 2026
Summary
This review introduces a multiscale design framework for advanced hemostatic bioadhesives. Integrating macroscopic, microscopic, and sub-nanometer strategies improves sealing in complex internal bleeding scenarios.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Surgical Innovation
- Translational Medicine
Background:
- Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of death in trauma and surgery.
- Current mechanical closures cause tissue damage and seal poorly on wet wounds.
- Existing bioadhesives struggle in vivo due to hydration, motion, and tissue variability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a systematic, multiscale design framework for hemostatic bioadhesives.
- To address limitations of current sealants in complex internal bleeding.
- To guide development of next-generation high-performance hemostatic agents.
Main Methods:
- Reviewing macroscopic design for wound geometry adaptation.
- Analyzing micro/nanoscale strategies for energy dissipation and adhesion.
- Categorizing sub-nanometer bonding (covalent and non-covalent).
Main Results:
- Multiscale integration yields synergistic functionalities.
- Hierarchical design overcomes single-scale optimization limits.
- Case studies demonstrate enhanced performance in complex bleeding.
Conclusions:
- A systematic, multiscale framework is crucial for advanced hemostatic bioadhesives.
- This approach provides a roadmap for superior internal bleeding control.
- Future bioadhesives can achieve robust sealing through integrated design.
