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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

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Published on: September 11, 2021

The prod eff: Partially producing items moderates the production effect.

Megan O Kelly¹, Tyler M Ensor², Colin M MacLeod³

¹Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. megan.kelly@uwaterloo.ca.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|August 24, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The production effect, which enhances memory recall, is smaller when less of an item is produced. This suggests that the extent of production directly influences the strength of the memory production effect.

Keywords:

Memory Production effect Recognition

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Memory Research
Human Cognition

Background:

The production effect describes how actively producing information enhances memory recall.
Existing theories propose that production improves memory by encoding additional or better features.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the quantity of production moderates the magnitude of the production effect.
To test the hypothesis that reduced production leads to a smaller production effect.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted using typing as the mode of production.
The amount of each item produced was systematically manipulated (partial vs. full production).

Main Results:

Partial production resulted in a significant, yet smaller, production effect compared to full production.
The degree of item production was found to moderate the size of the observed production effect.

Conclusions:

The findings support the idea that the extent of production is a key factor influencing the strength of the production effect.
Results align with and inform current computational models of memory and production.