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Environmental factors differentially affect epistaxis among preschool and school-aged children
Eun-Jin Ahn1, Hyun Jin Min2,3
1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Insights
Environmental factors like temperature and humidity influence pediatric epistaxis (nosebleeds). These associations differ between preschool-aged and school-aged children, highlighting age-specific risks.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Pediatric Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Environmental factors are linked to pediatric epistaxis (nosebleeds).
- Previous research has not detailed age-specific differences in these associations.
- Understanding these variations is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate age-related differences in environmental risk factors for pediatric epistaxis.
- To compare environmental associations in preschool-aged versus school-aged children.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 20,234 pediatric epistaxis cases (2002-2015).
- Patients categorized into preschool (<6 years) and school-aged (6-18 years) groups.
- Stepwise logistic regression used to identify environmental risk factors.
Main Results:
- Epistaxis peaked in September for both age groups.
- Preschoolers: Temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration linked to nosebleeds.
- School-aged children: Wind speed, particulate matter, temperature, humidity, sunshine, sulfur dioxide associated with epistaxis.
Conclusions:
- Age significantly modifies the environmental risk factors associated with pediatric epistaxis.
- Distinct environmental triggers exist for nosebleeds in different pediatric age groups.
- Findings underscore the need for age-tailored approaches to managing pediatric epistaxis.
Introduction:
Environmental factors are closely associated with pediatric epistaxis. Whether this association differs according to age has not been previously reported. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the differences in associations between environmental factors and epistaxis in children of different ages.
Methods:
A total of 20,234 patients with epistaxis who visited the hospital between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2015, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their ages: preschool-aged (<6 years) and school-aged children (6-18 years). Daily, monthly, and yearly data on environmental factors were collected. We performed a stepwise logistic regression to identify the potential environmental risk factors for epistaxis in each age group.
Results:
The mean number of epistaxis cases per month in both groups was highest in September. The cases were lowest in February in preschool-aged children and in November in school-aged children. Temperature, humidity, maximum wind speed, and sunshine duration were associated with epistaxis in preschool-aged children. Average wind speed, particulate matter (>10 μm diameter), temperature, humidity, sunshine duration, and sulfur dioxide concentration were associated with epistaxis in school-aged children.
Conclusion:
This study indicates that the differences in environmental risk factors for epistaxis are associated with the patient's age.
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