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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
Published on: May 5, 2018
First-Trimester Ultrasound Imaging for Prenatal Assessment of the Extended Cardiovascular System Using the
Zita M Gambacorti-Passerini1,2,3, Cristina Martínez Payo1,2,3,4, Coral Bravo Arribas1,2,3,4
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain.
Introduction And Objectives:
To compare fetal images obtained at the first- and second-trimester ultrasound scan when applying the Cardiovascular System Sonographic Evaluation Algorithm (CASSEAL).
Methods:
Using the CASSEAL protocol, nine sequential axial views were acquired in B-mode and color Doppler at the first- and second-trimester ultrasound scans, visualizing the main components of the extended fetal cardiovascular system. Images were compared qualitatively between both trimesters.
Results:
We obtained comparable images for all the nine axial views described in the CASSEAL protocol, with few differences and limitations.
Conclusions:
The CASSEAL protocol is reproducible in the first trimester, and could help in the early detection of fetal cardiovascular abnormalities. It represents a promising additional tool in order to increase the CHD detection rate.
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