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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Crosstalk between Long Non-Coding RNA and Spliceosomal microRNA as a Novel Biomarker for Cancer.

Maram Arafat1, Ruth Sperling1

  • 1Department of Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Non-Coding RNA
|August 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Interactions between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and nuclear microRNAs (miRNAs) may drive cancer progression. Targeting these lncRNA:miRNA interactions could offer new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for various cancers.

Keywords:
cancerlncRNAmiRNAspliceosomal miRNAsupraspliceosome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate cellular processes.
  • ncRNAs are implicated in cancer pathogenesis, with emerging roles for nuclear miRNAs and lncRNAs.
  • Recent findings identified miRNAs within supraspliceosomes in cancer cells, suggesting novel interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight potential crosstalk between lncRNAs and nuclear miRNAs originating from the same genomic regions.
  • To explore the role of these interactions in cancer, specifically breast and cervical cancers.
  • To identify novel targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of potential RNA:RNA interactions.
  • Identification of cis-interacting lncRNA:spliceosomal miRNA pairs.
  • Case study of mir-7704 regulating the oncogenic lncRNA HAGLR.

Main Results:

  • Potential for RNA:RNA base pairing between co-expressed lncRNAs and nuclear miRNAs.
  • Dysregulation of these interactions in cancer could impact gene expression.
  • Identified mir-7704 as a negative regulator of the oncogenic lncRNA HAGLR.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNA:nuclear miRNA interactions represent a novel regulatory mechanism in cancer.
  • These interactions, exemplified by HAGLR and mir-7704, are likely relevant to multiple cancer types.
  • Targeting lncRNA:nuclear miRNA crosstalk offers promising avenues for cancer therapy and diagnostics.