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Monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Does not Boost Omicron-Specific Immune Response in Diabetic and Control Pediatric

Alan Sariol1, Molly A Vickers1, Shannon M Christensen2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|August 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) mount robust immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, comparable to healthy peers. However, a booster dose unexpectedly failed to significantly increase neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants in T1D children.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric populations, especially those with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • Children with T1D are at higher risk for severe infections, underscoring the need to understand their vaccine responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in children with T1D compared to non-diabetic controls.
  • To assess the impact of a third vaccine dose on antibody and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study of 35 children with T1D and 23 controls receiving COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
  • Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers and spike protein-specific T cell responses.
  • Analysis of responses after primary vaccination series and after a third booster dose.

Main Results:

  • Children with T1D exhibited comparable neutralizing antibody titers and T cell responses to controls after initial vaccination.
  • A third booster dose increased neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains.
  • Unexpectedly, the booster dose did not significantly enhance neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron variants in T1D children, unlike in adults.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 mRNA vaccines elicit comparable immune responses in children with T1D and healthy children.
  • Booster doses are effective against ancestral strains but show limited enhancement against Omicron variants in T1D pediatric populations.
  • Further research is needed to optimize vaccination strategies for children with T1D against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Keywords:
COVID-19OmicronSARS-CoV-2mRNA vaccinespediatrictype 1 diabetes

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