Multi-Functional Electrospun AgNO₃/PVB and Its Ag NP/PVB Nanofiber Membrane

This study focuses on the fabrication of fiber membranes containing different concentrations of AgNO₃ via the electrospinning technique. The AgNO₃ present in the fibers is subsequently reduced to silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) through UV irradiation. The resulting nanofiber film is characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and evaluations of its anti-UV and anti-electromagnetic radiation properties. Experimental results demonstrate that increasing the AgNO₃ content initially decreases and then increases the fiber diameter and fiber diameter deviation. Under UV light, the nanofibers fuse and bond, leading to an increase in the fiber diameter. AgNO₃ is effectively reduced to Ag NPs after UV irradiation for more than 60 min, as confirmed by the characteristic diffraction peaks of Ag NPs in the XRD spectrum of the irradiated AgNO₃/PVB fibers. The nanofiber film containing AgNO₃ exhibits superior anti-UV performance compared to the film containing AgNO₃-derived Ag NPs. The anti-electromagnetic radiation performances of the nanofiber films containing AgNO₃ and AgNO₃-derived Ag NPs are similar, but the nanofiber film containing AgNO₃-derived Ag NPs exhibits higher performance at approximately 2.5 GHZ frequency. Additionally, at an AgNO₃ concentration of less than 0.5 wt%, the anti-electromagnetic radiation performance is poor, and the shielding effect of the nanofiber film on medium- and low-frequency electromagnetic waves surpasses that on high-frequency waves. This study provides guidance for the preparation of polyvinyl butyral nanofibers, Ag NPs, and functional materials with anti-ultraviolet and anti-electromagnetic radiation properties.