Graphene Scaffolds: A Striking Approach to Combat Dermatophytosis

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering
• Mycology

Background:

• Graphene's unique properties drive research into novel topical remedies like scaffolds.
• Developing effective treatments for topical fungal infections remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To fabricate and characterize graphene nanoplatelet (GN)-loaded polymeric scaffolds for topical antifungal applications.
• To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of these scaffolds against dermatophytes.

Main Methods:

• Graphene nanoplatelets (GN) were embedded in ERL100/ERS100 polymer solutions and fabricated into scaffolds via electrospinning.
• Scaffolds were characterized using FTIR, XRD, DSC/TGA, and FESEM; hydrophilicity and swelling were assessed.
• In vitro antifungal activity was tested against *Microsporum* and *Trichophyton* species using broth microdilution.
• In vivo efficacy was evaluated on Swiss albino mice infected with *T. rubrum*.

Main Results:

• FTIR confirmed compatibility between GN and the polymer matrix.
• XRD showed a characteristic GN peak, and DSC/TGA indicated good thermal stability.
• FESEM revealed an ultrathin scaffold architecture (280 ± 90 nm).
• Scaffolds exhibited desirable hydrophilicity (contact angle 48.8 ± 2.8°) and swelling (646%).
• Significant in vitro antifungal activity was observed against tested dermatophytes.
• In vivo studies showed complete resolution of topical fungal infection signs within 14 days.

Conclusions:

• Graphene-loaded scaffolds are compatible, stable, and possess suitable properties for topical drug delivery.
• The fabricated scaffolds demonstrate potent antifungal efficacy against dermatophytes.
• Graphene-loaded scaffolds represent a promising alternative for treating topical fungal infections.