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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates

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Touchless Heart Rate Monitoring from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Videoplethysmography.

Anna Pająk¹, Jaromir Przybyło¹, Piotr Augustyniak¹

¹Department of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 26, 2023

Summary

Remote heart rate (HR) monitoring using drones is now possible. This non-contact method offers accurate HR measurements from videos, ideal for emergencies and training scenarios.

Keywords:

RGB video contactless heart rate noninvasive measurements remote measurements unmanned aerial vehicle videoplethysmography

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Remote Sensing
Preventive Medicine

Background:

Telemedicine and preventive medicine require non-invasive, remote patient monitoring.
Heart rate (HR) is a key indicator of patient condition, but current methods lack remote capabilities for emergencies or training.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of remotely measuring human heart rate (HR) using videoplethysmography (VPG) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-captured videos.
To assess the accuracy of VPG-based HR estimation in natural environments during physical activity.

Main Methods:

Utilized a UAV-mounted camera to record videos of volunteers walking and running.
Applied human pose estimation (OpenPose) and skin detection to identify and track skin areas.
Estimated HR using various VPG methods (G, GR, ExG, ICA, POS) and compared results to ECG-based wearable data.

Main Results:

The green channel (G) and green-red difference (GR) VPG methods achieved root-mean-squared errors of less than 3.5 bpm compared to ECG.
Overall root-mean-squared errors ranged from 17.7 (G) to 27.7 (POS).

Conclusions:

Touchless HR measurement using UAV-mounted cameras demonstrates acceptable accuracy.
This technology can bridge the gap between wearables and emergency monitoring, proving valuable in diverse remote settings like mountains, disaster sites, or battlefields.