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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

25
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

28
IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Reply to Zhihao Lei's Letter to the Editor re: Oliver Wiseman, Daron Smith, Kathryn Starr, et al. The PUrE Randomised Controlled Trial 1: Clinical and Cost-effectiveness of Flexible Ureterorenoscopy and Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy for Lower Pole Stones ≤10 mm. Eur Urol 2025;88:179-89.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
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Optimising pre-operative imaging-surgery intervals for stones.

Ijeoma Chibuzo1, Aleksandar Vucicevic1, Abisola Oliyide1

  • 1Department of Urology Stepping Hill Hospital Stockport UK.

BJUI Compass
|August 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Updating reference imaging before kidney stone surgery is crucial. For ureteric stones, update imaging within 9 weeks; for renal stones, update within 19 weeks to avoid negative surgical outcomes.

Keywords:
imaging–surgery intervalnegative surgeriesreference imagesupper tract stones

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • NICE guidelines recommend timely intervention for acute ureteric colic.
  • NHS face challenges including long waiting times and limited resources, impacting timely stone treatment.
  • Outdated reference images (RIs) pose a risk for upper tract stone surgeries due to potential stone burden changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of imaging-surgery intervals (ISIs) on upper tract stone surgery outcomes.
  • To determine a cut-off ISI that necessitates updated reference imaging.
  • To improve surgical efficiency and patient safety by optimizing imaging protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 427 upper tract stone surgeries.
  • Categorization of stones into renal/pelvic (RENAL) and ureteric.
  • Use of receiver operating curves (ROCs) to identify ISI cut-offs predictive of intra-operative disparity (IOD).

Main Results:

  • No stones were found intraoperatively in 12.1% of patients.
  • Longer ISIs were significantly associated with IODs, particularly for ureteric stones (p=0.011).
  • Recommended ISI cut-offs for updated imaging: 9 weeks for ureteric stones and 19 weeks for renal stones.

Conclusions:

  • Reference imaging for ureteric stones should be updated if over 9 weeks old.
  • Reference imaging for renal stones should be updated if over 19 weeks old.
  • Adhering to these updated imaging intervals can enhance surgical accuracy and patient safety.