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Olympic Weightlifting Training for Sprint Performance in Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

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Olympic weightlifting (OW) training did not significantly improve sprint performance compared to other training methods. This systematic review found no added benefit for athletes seeking to enhance speed or acceleration through OW exercises.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Sprint performance is crucial in many sports.
  • Olympic weightlifting (OW) is a training method that may enhance athletic performance.
  • The effectiveness of OW for improving sprint performance requires systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of OW exercises on sprint performance.
  • To compare OW training against various control interventions, including no training, standard sport-specific training, traditional resistance training, and plyometric training.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Medline, Web of Science, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and Biological Science databases up to September 2022.
  • Independent study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias appraisal by two authors.
  • Meta-analysis of sprint performance over full sprint distance and acceleration phases (5, 10, 20m), with evidence certainty assessed using GRADE.

Main Results:

  • Eight studies involving 206 athletes were included.
  • No significant difference in overall sprint performance was found between OW and control interventions (SMD=-0.07, 95% CI=-0.47 to 0.34, p=0.75, I²=46%).
  • Sprint performance during the acceleration phase also showed no significant differences (p≥0.26).

Conclusions:

  • Olympic weightlifting training does not appear to offer superior benefits for sprint performance compared to other training interventions.
  • Current evidence suggests that OW exercises do not enhance sprint speed or acceleration more effectively than control conditions.
  • Further research may be needed to explore specific populations or training protocols, but current meta-analysis indicates no significant advantage.