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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
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ApoE gene polymorphisms and metals and their interactions with cognitive function.

Zeyan Ye1, Dechan Tan2, Tingyu Luo1

  • 1Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, Zhiyuan Road No.1, Guilin, Guangxi province, 541199, PR China.

BMC Medical Genomics
|August 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that specific ApoE gene variations (rs7412, rs7259620, rs405509) are linked to cognitive impairment in older adults. Additionally, plasma cadmium levels interact with these gene variants, increasing the risk of cognitive decline.

Keywords:
ApoE gene polymorphismApolipoprotein ECognitive functionMetallic elements

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment in the elderly is a growing public health concern.
  • The role of genetic factors, such as Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms, is increasingly recognized in cognitive decline.
  • Environmental factors, including plasma metal elements, may also influence cognitive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between plasma metal elements, ApoE gene polymorphisms, and cognitive function in an elderly population.
  • To explore the interaction between plasma metal elements and ApoE gene variants in relation to cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 911 elderly individuals was assessed for cognitive function using standard examinations and questionnaires.
  • Plasma metal element concentrations were measured, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing was performed for ApoE gene variants (rs7412, rs7259620, rs405509).
  • Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine factors influencing cognitive status and gene-environment interactions.

Main Results:

  • Specific ApoE genotypes (rs7412-TT, rs7259620-AA, rs405509-GG) were significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment.
  • Plasma concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and rubidium (Rb) differed significantly between cognitive impairment and control groups.
  • Plasma cadmium (Cd) in lower concentrations (Q1) showed a protective effect, while higher concentrations interacted with ApoE variants (rs7259620, rs405509) to significantly elevate the risk of cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • ApoE gene polymorphisms at loci rs7412, rs7259620, and rs405509 are associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly.
  • An interaction exists between plasma cadmium levels and ApoE gene variants (rs7259620, rs405509), exacerbating the risk of cognitive decline in this population.