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Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

88.9K
A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
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Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant01:20

Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant

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The effect of an inert salt on the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is known as the salt effect. The degree of the salt effect varies with the ionic strength of the solution, which in turn depends on the activity of the species in the solution. The activity is expressed as the product of concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
To calculate the equilibrium constants of solutions of moderately high ionic strength, one must account for the salt effect. This redefined...
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Introduction to Chemical Reactions01:23

Introduction to Chemical Reactions

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All chemical reactions begin with a reactant, the general term for one or more substances entering the reaction. Sodium and chloride ions, for example, are the reactants in the production of table salt. One or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the product. Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, which means that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The components of the reactants—the number of atoms and the...
8.8K
Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible01:08

Types of Chemical Reactions: Exchange and Reversible

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An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur, chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is absorbed, stored, and released.
A special kind of exchange reaction is the oxidation-reduction reaction, or the redox reaction. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one compound to another. The electrons in these reactions commonly come from hydrogen atoms, which consist of an electron and a proton. A molecule gives up a...
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Reaction Quotient02:35

Reaction Quotient

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The status of a reversible reaction is conveniently assessed by evaluating its reaction quotient (Q). For a reversible reaction described by m A + n B ⇌ x C + y D, the reaction quotient is derived directly from the stoichiometry of the balanced equation as
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Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

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Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
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Rethinking Chemistry.

Karsten Danielmeier1, Peter R Schreiner2

  • 1SVP, Head of R&D, Covestro Deutschland AG, COV-CCO-CA-R&D, Q1, 108, 51365, Leverkusen, Germany.

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Summary
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The German Chemical Society (GDCh) adopted "Rethinking Chemistry" to address global challenges like climate change. This initiative encourages innovative and sustainable approaches across all chemical disciplines.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • The German Chemical Society (GDCh) Board of Directors established "Rethinking Chemistry" as a guiding principle.
  • This initiative addresses critical global challenges including climate change, resource depletion, and geopolitical instability.
  • The motto encourages a paradigm shift in how scientists approach and engage with the field of chemistry.

Discussion:

  • "Rethinking Chemistry" promotes a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to chemical sciences.
  • It emphasizes the need for innovative solutions to foster sustainability and efficiency in chemical practices.
  • The concept encourages exploring diverse perspectives within chemistry to drive progress.

Key Insights:

  • The initiative fosters innovative and sustainable applications of chemistry.
  • It highlights the interconnectedness of chemical research with global challenges.
  • "Rethinking Chemistry" signifies a commitment to transformative scientific endeavors.

Outlook:

  • The GDCh Science Forum Chemistry (WiFo) 2023 and a Special Collection in Angewandte Chemie showcase the multifaceted nature of this motto.
  • This approach aims to inspire novel strategies for a sustainable future.
  • The initiative seeks to redefine the role of chemistry in addressing societal and environmental issues.