Integrated Urology and Primary Care Model Improves Outcomes for Men With Testosterone Deficiency

Many men presenting with testosterone deficiency do not have access to a primary care provider. We sought to integrate primary care into initial urological evaluation to better identify and manage undertreated comorbidities.

New patients presenting with testosterone deficiency were offered primary care provider evaluation within a men's health center between October 2019 and 2022. Data collected from the electronic health record included age, race, BMI, access to prior primary care provider, new diagnoses, prescriptions, and referrals.

Eighty-one men were evaluated over the 3-year study period. Thirty-three men (41%) did not have a preexisting primary care provider. Older men were significantly more likely to have a preexisting primary care provider (OR 1.06 [95% CI: 1.02-1.10], P < .001). Hispanic men were significantly less likely to have an existing primary care provider (OR 0.16 [95% CI: 0.03-0.84], P = .01). Forty-eight men (59%) established continuity of care. Newly diagnosed comorbidities included hypertension (41%), obesity (37%), hyperlipidemia (27%), obstructive sleep apnea (25%), depression (23%), and diabetes (14%). Forty-one patients (51%) were prescribed a new medication. Twenty-one patients (26%) were referred to nutrition, with mean BMI decrease of 1.75 kg/m². Twenty-six patients (32%) underwent sleep medicine evaluation for obstructive sleep apnea. Twenty-seven (33%) and 37 patients (46%) received a flu vaccination and immunization updates. Eleven patients (14%) were referred for screening colonoscopy.

This is the first report of integrated primary care and urology evaluation for testosterone deficiency. This comprehensive model results in improved outcomes including increased access to subspecialty referrals, objective weight loss, treatment of new diagnoses, updated immunizations, and cancer screening.