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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.3K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.2K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.2K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

7.8K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.8K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

8.5K
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
8.5K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

4.6K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Bimetallic-Derived Catalytic Structures for CO2-Assisted Ethane Activation.

Zhenhua Xie1,2, Jingguang G Chen1,2

  • 1Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|August 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bimetallic catalysts enable selective conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethane into valuable chemicals. Catalyst structure, particularly metal-oxide interfaces, dictates product selectivity for efficient ethane upgrading.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Simultaneous upgrading of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethane offers a pathway to valuable chemicals from greenhouse gases and shale gas.
  • Controlling product selectivity in ethane upgrading hinges on selective C-H and C-C bond cleavage, influenced by CO2.
  • Bimetallic-derived catalysts, featuring alloying or segregation, create interfacial sites (e.g., metal/oxide, oxide/metal) crucial for selective reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of bimetallic catalyst structures in selective CO2-assisted ethane upgrading.
  • To correlate catalyst surface structures with C-H and C-C bond cleavage selectivity.
  • To provide design principles for advanced bimetallic catalysts for light alkane activation.

Main Methods:

  • In situ synchrotron characterization techniques were employed to analyze catalyst structures under reaction conditions.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to understand electronic properties and reaction mechanisms.
  • A comprehensive comparison of experimental data and DFT results was performed across various bimetallic catalysts.

Main Results:

  • Electron-deficient oxygen on metal/alloy surfaces promotes nonselective C-H/C-C bond scission, yielding syngas.
  • Electron-enriched oxygen at metal oxide/metal interfaces enhances selective C-H scission, favoring ethylene production.
  • Catalyst surface structures (alloy vs. inverse interface) can be controlled by metal combinations and ratios, influencing selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The electronic properties of oxygen species at catalyst interfaces are critical for controlling ethane C-H/C-C bond cleavage selectivity.
  • Thermodynamically favorable bimetallic structures (alloys, inverse interfaces) correlate with selective C-C/C-H bond scission.
  • This study provides mechanistic insights and design principles for selective CO2-assisted ethane upgrading and light alkane activation.