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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control01:23

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The addition of a hydrogen halide to 1,3-butadiene gives a mixture of 1,2- and 1,4-adducts. Since more substituted alkenes are more stable, the 1,4-adduct is expected to be the major product. However, the product distribution is strongly influenced by temperature; low temperature favors the 1,2-adduct, whereas the 1,4-adduct is predominant at high temperature.
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Controlling Reaction Pathways of Ethylene Hydroformylation Using Isolated Bimetallic Rhodium-Cobalt Sites.

Yong Yuan1, Tianyou Mou1, Sooyeon Hwang2

  • 1Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces isolated rhodium-cobalt sites in ZSM-5 zeolite for efficient ethylene hydroformylation. Optimal rhodium-cobalt coordination (CN 3) significantly boosts catalytic rates and selectivity for C3 oxygenates production.

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Materials science
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Ethylene hydroformylation is crucial for producing C3 oxygenates.
  • Developing efficient, ligand-free heterogeneous catalysts remains a challenge.
  • Existing catalysts often suffer from low activity and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design isolated rhodium-cobalt (Rh-Co) sites within ZSM-5 zeolite.
  • To enhance catalytic activity and selectivity for ethylene hydroformylation.
  • To maintain catalyst stability under reaction conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Co-ZSM-5 with varying Co/Al ratios.
  • Introduction of Rh to form isolated Rh-Co clusters with tunable coordination numbers (CNs).
  • In-situ characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Tuning the Co/Al ratio controlled Co species size and subsequent Rh-Co coordination.
  • An isolated Rh1Co3 site (Rh-Co CN of 3) exhibited the highest hydroformylation rates.
  • Optimal coordination enhanced binding to reaction intermediates, improving performance.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated Rh-Co sites in ZSM-5 are effective for ligand-free ethylene hydroformylation.
  • Coordination-tuning via a secondary metal (Co) is key to controlling single Rh atom catalyst pathways.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for designing advanced heterogeneous catalysts.