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A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion
Published on: November 12, 2020
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Retinal stroke: research models, targets and experimental drugs
Alejandra Daruich1,2, Matthieu P Robert1,3, Marta Zola2
1Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
|August 31, 2023
Summary
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a rare but serious condition. Current literature suggests tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment may be effective for CRAO, offering new hope for patients.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neurology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is the ocular equivalent of a stroke, often caused by microemboli leading to inner retinal ischemia.
- Despite research into therapeutic targets and treatments for retinal ischemia in animal models and small patient groups, central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) remains challenging to treat clinically.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review animal models of RAO and pathogenic mechanisms of ischemic cell death.
- To explore therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms for potential CRAO treatment.
- To assess the current literature regarding the efficacy of tPA for CRAO.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on animal models of retinal artery occlusion (RAO).
- Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms contributing to cell death during retinal ischemia.
- Evaluation of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring blood flow and protecting retinal cells.
Main Results:
- Various animal models for RAO exist, including those involving increased intraocular pressure, laser injury, vasoconstriction, embolization, and clamping.
- Therapeutic strategies focus on fibrinolysis, optimizing oxygen/glucose supply, reducing energy demand, managing ionic fluxes, and mitigating excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.
- The current literature indicates that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may be an effective treatment for CRAO.
Conclusions:
- Rapid diagnosis and referral to specialized centers are crucial for acute retinal stroke patients.
- Developing collaborative networks among ophthalmologists, retina specialists, and neurologists can improve CRAO management.
- tPA emerges as a promising therapeutic option for central retinal artery occlusion based on current evidence.
