The Effect of Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Fe and Mn Oxides on Lactuca sativa L

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of six nanomaterials, namely CNT-COOH, CNT-MnO₂, CNT-Fe₃O₄, CNT-MnO₂-Fe₃O₄, MnO_2, and Fe₃O₄ on lettuceTo determine the impact of nanomaterials on lettuce, the results obtained were compared with those for the control plant, grown in the same conditions of light, temperature, and humidity but without the addition of nanomaterial. The study found that the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity varied in the treated plants compared to the control ones, depending on the nanomaterial. The use of CNTs functionalized with metal oxides increases the elemental concentration of lettuce leaves for the majority of the elements. On the contrary, metal oxide nanoparticles and CNT functionalized with carboxyl groups induce a decrease in the concentration of many elements. Soil amending with MnO₂ affects the content of more than ten elements in leaves. Simultaneous application of CNT and MnO₂ stimulates the elemental translocation of all elements from roots to leaves, but the simultaneous use of CNT and Fe₃O₄ leads to the most intense translocation compared to the control other than Mo.