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Updated: Jul 17, 2025
The Immersive Cleveland Clinic Virtual Reality Shopping Platform for the Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Published on: July 28, 2022
Virtual Reality Improves Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled,
David J Cangemi1, Marilia Montenegro1, Brennan M R Spiegel2
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Introduction:
We investigated the efficacy and safety of virtual reality (VR) for functional dyspepsia.
Methods:
Patients were randomized 2:1 between active vs sham VR. Symptoms were assessed using the Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Disorders-Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) over 2-week.
Results:
Patients in the active VR group had greater numerical improvement in PAGI-SYM scores (mean difference -0.7; P < 0.001) compared with sham VR (mean difference -0.4; P = 0.032). Active VR led to significant improvements for all PAGI-SYM subscales, except lower abdominal pain, whereas sham only improved heartburn/regurgitation and nausea/vomiting. Half of the total patients reported nonserious adverse effects, although only 1 patient withdrew from the study because of adverse effects.
Discussion:
VR is safe and results in significant symptom improvement in functional dyspepsia. Larger trials are warranted.
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