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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

446
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
446
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

450
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
450
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.1K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.1K
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

722
The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse....
722
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.1K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.1K
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

837
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
837

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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems
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Raman Diffusion-Ordered Spectroscopy.

Robert W Schmidt1,2, Giulia Giubertoni2, Federico Caporaletti2,3

  • 1Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|September 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Raman diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (Raman-DOSY) combines Raman spectroscopy with diffusion measurements to determine molecular sizes. This novel technique can resolve overlapping signals from molecules of different sizes, offering a versatile new tool for chemical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • The Stokes-Einstein relation is crucial for determining molecular size via diffusion coefficients.
  • Raman spectroscopy provides structural information but typically lacks size sensitivity.
  • Existing diffusion-based methods often require labels or specific solvents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel analytical technique, Raman diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (Raman-DOSY), that combines size and structural sensitivity.
  • To enable spectrally resolved determination of diffusion coefficients and hydrodynamic radii.
  • To demonstrate the versatility of Raman-DOSY for analyzing complex mixtures.

Main Methods:

  • Raman diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (Raman-DOSY) was performed using a microfluidic flow cell with parallel laminar flows of sample and solvent.
  • Solute diffusion from the sample stream into the solvent stream was monitored over time using Raman microspectroscopy.
  • Two-dimensional Raman-DOSY spectra were generated, plotting Raman frequency against diffusion coefficient.

Main Results:

  • Raman-DOSY successfully spectrally resolved overlapping Raman peaks from molecules of different sizes.
  • Diffusion coefficients and hydrodynamic radii were accurately derived for small molecules, proteins, and supramolecular assemblies (micelles).
  • The method demonstrated versatility in analyzing mixtures containing up to three compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Raman-DOSY is a powerful, label-free technique that integrates structural and size information.
  • This method overcomes limitations of existing techniques by not requiring deuterated solvents.
  • Raman-DOSY offers a versatile approach for analyzing diverse samples, including those challenging for other diffusion-based methods.