Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

147
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
147
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

349
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
349
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

155
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
155
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

363
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
363
Introduction to Epidemiology01:26

Introduction to Epidemiology

772
Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...
772
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

222
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
222

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Enteral Iron Supplementation.

Neonatal network : NN·2026
Same author

Ondansetron: A Novel Treatment to Reduce the Severity of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome?

Neonatal network : NN·2025
Same author

Second-Line Medications for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome/Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

Neonatal network : NN·2025
Same author

The Evidence-Based Practice Process Steps 4, 5, and 6: Integration, Evaluation, and Dissemination.

Neonatal network : NN·2024
Same author

Step 3: Critical Appraisal of Evidence-Expert Opinion.

Neonatal network : NN·2024
Same author

Step 3: Critically Appraising Evidence: Quality Improvement Projects.

Neonatal network : NN·2023
Same journal

A Quality Improvement Project to Increase Breastfeeding Rates in the NICU.

Neonatal network : NN·2026
Same journal

Parental Advocacy in the NICU: A Unique Case of Infant Hypoglycemia Highlighting the Role of the Family in Improving Outcomes.

Neonatal network : NN·2026
Same journal

Enjoyment in Preterm Infants: Exploring Clinical and Research Perspectives in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Neonatal network : NN·2026
Same journal

Building the Future Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Workforce: Reviewing Barriers and Strategies to Enrollment.

Neonatal network : NN·2026
Same journal

What Does It Mean to Be a Professional?

Neonatal network : NN·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
05:37

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

2.1K

Step 3: Critically Appraising Evidence: Case-Control Studies.

Susan Givens Bell

    Neonatal Network : NN
    |September 1, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Learn how to critically appraise case-control studies, a key step in evidence-based practice (EBP). This guide focuses on evaluating the quality and validity of case-control research for better healthcare decisions.

    Keywords:
    casecase-control studycontrolevidence-based practicelevels of evidencequantitative evidence

    More Related Videos

    How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
    07:27

    How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

    Published on: August 19, 2020

    11.5K
    Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
    06:55

    Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

    Published on: January 8, 2020

    14.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

    An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
    05:37

    An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

    Published on: September 16, 2022

    2.1K
    How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
    07:27

    How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

    Published on: August 19, 2020

    11.5K
    Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
    06:55

    Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

    Published on: January 8, 2020

    14.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Medical research methodology
    • Epidemiology
    • Biostatistics

    Background:

    • Evidence-based practice (EBP) is crucial for informed clinical decision-making.
    • Critical appraisal is the third essential step in the EBP process.
    • Understanding study designs is fundamental for effective evidence evaluation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a focused guide on the critical appraisal of case-control studies.
    • To enhance the reader's ability to assess the quality of case-control research.
    • To support the application of EBP principles in clinical practice.

    Main Methods:

    • This article is the fourth in a series detailing the critical appraisal process.
    • It specifically addresses the methodologies for evaluating case-control study designs.
    • Key appraisal points for case-control studies are discussed.

    Main Results:

    • Case-control studies are valuable for investigating rare diseases and exposures.
    • Proper critical appraisal identifies potential biases and limitations in case-control research.
    • Effective appraisal ensures the reliable use of findings in clinical practice.

    Conclusions:

    • Critical appraisal of case-control studies is a vital skill for healthcare professionals.
    • Mastering this skill strengthens the foundation of evidence-based practice.
    • Accurate appraisal leads to more effective and safer patient care.