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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
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What are large language models supposed to model?

Idan A Blank1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Department of Linguistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
|September 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large language models (LLMs) may offer computational insights into human language processing. Understanding their relationship to biological minds requires distinct interpretations of LLMs as scientific hypotheses.

Keywords:
deep neural networkdistributed representationlanguagesymbolic representation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • The increasing sophistication of large language models (LLMs) prompts questions about their relevance to human cognition.
  • Debates exist on whether LLMs represent a valid computational theory of human language processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore whether large language models (LLMs) can be considered a computational account of human language processing.
  • To determine the role of psycholinguistic and linguistic theory in understanding the connection between artificial and biological intelligence.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of large language models (LLMs) as hypotheses.
  • Examination of distinct interpretive frameworks for LLMs in cognitive science.

Main Results:

  • The interpretation of LLMs as models of human cognition is not singular.
  • Multiple, fundamentally different ways exist to view LLMs as hypotheses about human language.

Conclusions:

  • The utility of LLMs in understanding the human mind depends on the chosen interpretative framework.
  • Psycholinguistic theory is crucial for navigating the relationship between artificial and biological language systems.