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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
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Chirality02:25

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Prochirality02:05

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

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Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality
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Exploiting Chirality in Confined Nanospaces.

Federico Begato1, Giulia Licini1, Cristiano Zonta1

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral supramolecular cages (CSCs) are increasingly used in catalysis, sensing, and chiroptical applications. This review details their preparation and evolving applications, focusing on stereodynamic systems for future opportunities.

Keywords:
ChiralityCircular DichroismCircular Polarized LuminescenceStereodynamic SystemsSupramolecular Cages

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spatial organization via confinement is a foundational concept in supramolecular chemistry.
  • Applications in sensing, catalysis, and delivery are rapidly expanding.
  • Chiral supramolecular cages (CSCs) represent a significant advancement in controlled molecular architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of chiral supramolecular cages (CSCs) and their applications.
  • To highlight recent findings, particularly in stereodynamic systems.
  • To identify future opportunities in catalysis, sensing, and chiroptical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of strategies for preparing purely organic CSCs.
  • Review of strategies for preparing metal-ligand coordinated CSCs.
  • Analysis of recent literature on CSC applications.

Main Results:

  • CSCs demonstrate diverse applications in catalysis and sensing.
  • Stereodynamic CSCs show particular promise for advanced functionalities.
  • Chiroptical properties of CSCs are an area of active research.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral supramolecular cages are versatile platforms with growing applications.
  • Further research into stereodynamic systems will unlock new potential.
  • CSCs offer exciting future opportunities in various scientific fields.