Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
Published on: March 11, 2022
Frontal Examination of the Distal Nail Unit
1Consulta privada, Madrid, España.
Abstract:
Clinical findings in many nail disorders are not usually pathognomonic. An accurate diagnosis therefore relies on inspection of the nail unit from different angles. We review clinical features of different nail disorders that can be observed during frontal examination of the distal edge of the nail plate and the hyponychium and correlate these with features observed when the nail is viewed from above. Frontal examination of the distal nail unit can help establish a clinical diagnosis in routine practice.
Related Concept Videos
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails
The main components of a nail include the following.
Nail Plate: The nail plate is the visible portion of the nail that extends beyond the fingertips or toes. It is a hard, translucent...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection
Head and Neck
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
Assessment of the Mouth
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
Pulse Assessment Sites

