[Translated article] Congenital and Hereditary Nail Disease
L Bernal Masferrer1, M C Matei1, Y Gilaberte Calzada1
1Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas
|July 7, 2024
Summary
Nail disorders in newborns, though complex, offer vital clues to underlying health conditions. Early recognition of physiological and congenital nail abnormalities aids in diagnosing genetic disorders and systemic illnesses.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Dermatology
- Genetics
Background:
- Nail abnormalities in newborns can manifest independently or as indicators of systemic diseases or genodermatoses.
- Diagnosing these nail disorders presents challenges but is crucial for identifying potential underlying health issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review physiological nail changes in infants.
- To discuss relevant congenital nail disorders and differential diagnosis strategies.
- To highlight hereditary diseases where nail involvement is key for diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of physiological and congenital nail disorders in newborns.
- Analysis of diagnostic approaches for differentiating nail abnormalities.
- Identification of hereditary conditions with significant nail manifestations.
Main Results:
- Common physiological nail changes include Beau's lines, onychoschizia, koilonychia, congenital nail fold hypertrophy, and onychocryptosis.
- Key congenital disorders and differential diagnostic criteria are presented.
- Hereditary diseases like nail-patella syndrome, congenital pachyonychia, and congenital dyskeratosis are emphasized for their diagnostic nail findings.
Conclusions:
- Familiarity with neonatal nail disorders is essential for early detection of systemic and genetic conditions.
- Systematic examination and differential diagnosis of nail abnormalities can significantly improve patient outcomes.
Keywords:
CongenitalCongénitoDisplasia unguealDistrofia unguealGenetic skin disordersNail dysplasiaNail dystrophyOnicodistrofiaOnychodystrophyTrastornos genéticos de la pielMore Related Videos
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