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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Turing structuring with multiple nanotwins to engineer efficient and stable catalysts for hydrogen evolution

Jialun Gu^1,2,3,4, Lanxi Li^1,5,4, Youneng Xie^1,2,4

¹Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen, China.

Nature Communications

|September 4, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a new "Turing structuring" method to create highly stable and active nanocatalysts for hydrogen production. This innovative approach significantly enhances catalyst performance and durability for clean energy applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Low-dimensional nanocrystals are promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen energy conversion.
A key challenge is their limited stability due to structural degradation and strain relaxation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel strategy for stabilizing and activating superthin metal nanosheets.
To improve the efficiency and durability of nanocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction.

Main Methods:

Utilized a Turing structuring strategy by incorporating high-density nanotwins into metal nanosheets.
Achieved stable nanotwin networks and strain effects through constrained orientation attachment of nanograins.
Synthesized and tested Turing PtNiNb nanocatalysts.

Main Results:

Turing PtNiNb nanocatalyst demonstrated a 23.5-fold increase in mass activity and a 3.1-fold increase in stability index compared to commercial Pt/C.
An anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzer using Turing PtNiNb showed stable operation for over 500 hours at 1000 mA cm⁻² with low platinum loading.
The Turing structuring strategy proved effective and extendable to other metal-based nanocatalysts (Ir/Pd/Ag).

Conclusions:

Turing structuring offers a viable method to create intrinsically stable and highly active nanocatalysts.
This approach significantly advances the potential of nanocatalysts for efficient hydrogen energy conversion and utilization.
The developed catalysts show great promise for practical applications in water electrolysis.