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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:27

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
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Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Increased temporal binding during voluntary motor task under local anesthesia.

Karina Kirk Driller1,2, Camille Fradet3, Nina Mathijssen4

  • 1Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CE, Delft, The Netherlands. k.k.driller@tudelft.nl.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Removing tactile feedback from the index finger enhanced temporal binding, the perceived time bias between a voluntary action and sensory feedback. This suggests touch plays a crucial role in our sense of timing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • Temporal binding is a bias in perceived time between actions and sensory feedback.
  • Tactile feedback is a common component of motor actions, but its role in temporal binding is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of tactile feedback on temporal binding.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying temporal perception and sensory integration.

Main Methods:

  • Participants estimated the interval between a button press and a click sound.
  • Local anesthesia was used to inhibit tactile feedback from the index finger.
  • Results were compared to a control condition with intact sensation.

Main Results:

  • Temporal binding was observed in both conditions (anesthesia and control).
  • The temporal binding effect was significantly stronger when tactile feedback was inhibited.

Conclusions:

  • Tactile feedback plays a significant role in modulating temporal binding.
  • Inhibiting sensory input can alter the perception of time intervals, impacting sensory-motor integration.