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Updated: Jul 17, 2025

X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models
Published on: December 9, 2022
Ethanol Embolotherapy for Cutaneous Erythema of High-Flow Vascular Malformations in the Head and Neck
Jingwei Zhou1, Chen Hua1, Xi Yang1
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
Background:
Cutaneous erythema is one of the most common signs of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the head and neck region, influencing aesthetic appearance. Surgical resection of AVMs may lead to cicatrization of the skin or aggravation of the lesion. Laser treatment, although effective in improving superficial vascular lesions, cannot prevent deep AVMs from further development.
Objective:
The authors propose an absolute ethanol embolization therapy that can effectively and safely eradicate the nidus with a favorable aesthetic outcome.
Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective observational study of 14 AVM patients with distinct cutaneous erythema in the head and neck region undergoing embolotherapy in a single primary care center. Symptoms before and after treatment, complications, and degree of devascularization were recorded and assessed. Changes in cutaneous redness were evaluated using a previously reported quantitative measurement.
Results:
Complete symptomatic relief was observed in 5 patients, and major improvement was observed in 9 patients. The mean Δ a * value of the color change had a significant reduction of 6.50 ± 4.04, p < .001, indicating a remarkable remission of cutaneous erythema.
Conclusion:
Ethanol embolization is an effective and safe treatment for head and neck AVMs with excellent aesthetic outcomes and might become a potential treatment method for other superficial vascular anomalies.
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