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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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Reabsorption and Secretion in the PCT01:28

Reabsorption and Secretion in the PCT

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The Proximal Convoluted Tubule, or PCT, plays a pivotal role in the body's filtration system. They are primarily responsible for reabsorbing solutes and water from the filtered fluid produced by the glomeruli. Most of the filtered water, ions, and organic solutes such as glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by the PCT.
Transport mechanisms involving sodium ions (Na+) contribute significantly to solute reabsorption. These mechanisms include symport and antiport processes.
A key example is...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Aquaporins01:25

Aquaporins

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Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
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Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium

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Polycystin goes with the flow.

Annalisa M VanHook1

  • 1Science Signaling, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.

Science Signaling
|September 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Asymmetric polycystin movement may initiate left-right body plan breaks in mouse embryos. This finding offers insight into developmental biology and potential causes of congenital asymmetry.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Left-right asymmetry is crucial for proper organ positioning in vertebrate embryos.
  • Polycystins are proteins involved in cellular functions, including mechanosensation.
  • Disruptions in left-right asymmetry can lead to congenital abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of polycystin subunit movement in establishing left-right asymmetry.
  • To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the initial breakdown of embryonic asymmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized live imaging techniques in mouse embryos.
  • Tracked the movement of specific polycystin subunits within embryonic cells.
  • Analyzed the correlation between polycystin movement and the establishment of asymmetry.

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Evaluation of Zebrafish Kidney Function Using a Fluorescent Clearance Assay

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In Vitro Model of Physiological and Pathological Blood Flow with Application to Investigations of Vascular Cell Remodeling

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
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Evaluation of Zebrafish Kidney Function Using a Fluorescent Clearance Assay
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In Vitro Model of Physiological and Pathological Blood Flow with Application to Investigations of Vascular Cell Remodeling
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Main Results:

  • Observed asymmetric movement patterns of a polycystin subunit during early mouse development.
  • Demonstrated a potential link between this asymmetric movement and the initiation of left-right axis breaking.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric polycystin subunit dynamics are implicated in the initial establishment of left-right asymmetry in mouse embryos.
  • This research provides a novel molecular perspective on developmental asymmetry.