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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Secondary glaucoma: Toward interventions based on molecular underpinnings.

Anna Mueller1,2, Isabel Lam3, Krishna Kishor1,4

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Wires Mechanisms of Disease
|September 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pseudoexfoliation and pigment dispersion syndromes cause secondary glaucoma by obstructing fluid outflow. New research suggests targeting melanogenesis and pseudoexfoliative material formation may offer novel therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
glaucomapigment dispersion syndromepigmentary glaucomapseudoexfoliation syndromepseudoexfoliative glaucoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Secondary glaucoma, including pseudoexfoliation and pigment dispersion syndromes, leads to irreversible blindness.
  • Current treatments lack disease-specific interventions.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the mechanistic possibilities of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG).
  • To propose novel therapeutic targets for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of multiomics analyses and current knowledge on PEXG.
  • Analysis of pigment dispersion syndrome pathophysiology.
  • Exploration of therapeutic insights from skin and melanoma research.

Main Results:

  • PEXG formation involves nucleation centers, crosslinking enzymes, aberrant extracellular matrix, flawed endocytosis, and abnormal aqueous-blood barrier.
  • Aberrant melanogenesis and cytotoxic intermediates contribute to PG.
  • Prostanoid agonists, fenofibrates, and melatonin show potential therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting melanogenesis is a promising strategy for PG.
  • Melatonin offers antioxidant and hypotensive benefits for both PEXG and PG.
  • Further research into these mechanisms could lead to effective interventions for secondary glaucoma.