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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Biofilms01:29

Biofilms

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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry01:27

Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry

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Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
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Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries

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Can probiotics prevent dental caries?

Sara Butt1, Melissa Sin2

  • 1City Health Care Partnership CIC, Hull, UK. sara.butt8@nhs.net.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|September 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus rhamnosus, can prevent dental caries in preschool children. This systematic review found probiotics reduce caries incidence and Streptococcus Mutans in saliva, but not in dental plaque.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Microbiology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Dental caries is a significant public health issue in preschool children.
  • Early intervention strategies are crucial for preventing caries development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing dental caries in preschool children.
  • To identify specific probiotic strains with the greatest efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Literature search across eleven databases from inception to April 2022.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment by two independent reviewers, with meta-analysis using RevMan5.4 and Stata16.

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Main Results:

  • Seventeen RCTs involving 3781 preschool children were included.
  • Probiotics demonstrated a preventive effect on dental caries incidence.
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus significantly reduced caries incidence and salivary Streptococcus Mutans counts.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotics are effective in preventing dental caries in preschool children.
  • Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a promising probiotic strain for caries prevention.
  • Further research may be needed to confirm effects on plaque Streptococcus Mutans.