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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

492
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Scaffold Proteins in Autoimmune Disorders.

Josna Joseph1, John Mathew1, Jessy Alexander2

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, CMC Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Current Rheumatology Reviews
|September 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scaffold proteins organize cell signaling pathways, crucial for cellular communication and homeostasis. Dysregulation of these proteins contributes to autoimmune diseases, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Cell signalingSLEScaffoldautoimmunityproteinsrheumatoid arthritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellular activities are modulated by signaling molecules, with disruptions leading to diseases like autoimmunity.
  • Scaffold proteins stabilize signaling molecules, enhancing signal amplification and transmission within and between cells.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding scaffold proteins is vital for identifying therapeutic targets in autoimmune disorders.
  • Scaffold proteins are key mediators in cellular communication and homeostasis, with significant implications for disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting scaffold proteins offers a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.