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Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

209
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

238
Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
238
Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

199
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Related Experiment Video

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Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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Acting on past lessons and learning new ones.

Eduardo L Franco1, Diane M Harper1

  • 1eLife, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Elife
|September 6, 2023
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Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted cancer prevention, control, care, and survivorship services. This special issue explores these critical impacts on cancer patients and healthcare systems.

Keywords:
COVID-19cancer screeningcancer treatmentepidemiological modellingepidemiologyglobal healthinfectious diseasemicrobiologypandemicpreventionpublic health response

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to global healthcare systems.
  • Cancer care continuum, from prevention to survivorship, faced significant disruptions.

Discussion:

  • Delayed screenings and treatments due to pandemic-related restrictions impacted cancer outcomes.
  • Vulnerable cancer patient populations experienced heightened risks and disparities.
  • Healthcare providers adapted care delivery models to maintain essential services.

Key Insights:

  • The pandemic exacerbated existing inequities in cancer care access and delivery.
  • Innovative strategies in telemedicine and remote monitoring emerged to mitigate disruptions.
  • Long-term effects on cancer survivorship and quality of life require further investigation.

Outlook:

  • Strengthening healthcare system resilience is crucial for future public health crises.
  • Continued research is needed to address the long-term consequences of pandemic-related disruptions on cancer care.
  • Policy interventions are necessary to ensure equitable and sustained cancer care delivery.