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Enzyme immobilization on covalent organic framework supports.

Qianqian Zhu1,2, Yunlong Zheng1,3, Zhenjie Zhang4,5

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Enzyme immobilization using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) overcomes limitations of industrial enzyme use. Direct-immobilization methods create stable enzyme@COF biocomposites with improved function and reusability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Enzymes are efficient natural catalysts but face industrial limitations due to sensitivity and reusability issues.
  • Enzyme immobilization in solid supports, like covalent organic frameworks (COFs), offers a solution to enhance stability and recovery.
  • Post-synthetic immobilization in COFs has challenges like enzyme leaching and pore blockage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe direct-immobilization methods for fabricating enzyme@COF biocomposites.
  • To enable tailored incorporation of enzymes of various sizes with reduced leaching and improved mass transport.
  • To present strategies for enzyme protection during COF synthesis under harsh conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Direct-immobilization by building COFs around enzymes.
  • Enzyme protection using removable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for harsh COF synthesis.
  • In situ direct-immobilization under mild conditions for enzyme and COF monomer assembly.
  • Fabrication of enzyme@COF-42-B/43-B capsules and lipase@NKCOF-98/99.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of enzyme@COF biocomposites with programmed structures and functions.
  • Demonstrated reduced enzyme leaching and enhanced mass transport compared to post-synthetic methods.
  • Achieved tailored incorporation of enzymes, including catalase, glucose oxidase, and lipase.
  • Characterization assays for COF and enzyme@COF materials were performed.

Conclusions:

  • Direct-immobilization methods provide a robust strategy for creating stable and functional enzyme@COF biocomposites.
  • These methods address key limitations for industrial enzyme applications, enhancing reusability and performance.
  • The described protocols offer versatile approaches for enzyme encapsulation within porous materials.