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Congenital cleft lip and palate and elevated risks of major psychiatric disorders: A nationwide longitudinal study

Hsiang-Hsuan Huang1,2,3, Ju-Wei Hsu1,2, Kai-Lin Huang1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
|September 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) have a significantly higher risk of developing schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early attention to mental health in these patients is crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) is a condition that may be linked to major psychiatric disorders.
  • Conditions associated with CCLP include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) and the subsequent development of major psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study utilized the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.
  • Included were 1,158 children and adolescents with CCLP and 11,580 matched controls.
  • Follow-up occurred from 2001–2010, with data analyzed through 2011.

Main Results:

  • A positive association was found between CCLP and schizophrenia (HR: 7.60).
  • CCLP was also linked to a higher risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (HR: 6.03) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (HR: 7.33).
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, income, residence, and family history.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians should monitor patients with CCLP for mental health conditions.
  • Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes connecting CCLP and psychiatric disorders.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cleft lip and palateattention deficit hyperactivity disorderautismschizophrenia

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