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A cluster-tree-based trusted routing algorithm using Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in Wireless Sensor
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh1,2,3, Omed Hassan Ahmed4, Jan Lansky5
1Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
This study introduces CTTRG, a novel routing method for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that simultaneously ensures energy efficiency and security. CTTRG effectively detects malicious nodes and enhances network performance by balancing lifetime and security.
Area of Science:
- Computer Science
- Network Security
- Wireless Sensor Networks
Background:
- Existing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) often address energy efficiency or security in isolation.
- Many WSN applications require simultaneous guarantees for both energy efficiency and network security.
- A trade-off between network lifetime and security is often necessary due to the limited energy of sensor nodes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a comprehensive cluster-tree-based trusted routing method for WSNs that integrates energy efficiency and security.
- To develop a novel routing scheme that addresses the limitations of existing protocols by considering both critical aspects simultaneously.
- To enhance the overall performance and reliability of WSNs in diverse application scenarios.
Main Methods:
- Introduction of a cluster-tree-based trusted routing method named CTTRG.
- Implementation of a distributed time-variant trust (TVT) model to assess sensor node behavior based on black hole, wormhole, and flooding probabilities.
- Utilization of the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) to construct a trusted routing tree (GTRT) for secure communication paths.
- Design of a multi-objective fitness function evaluating cluster head distance, trust level, and energy.
Main Results:
- CTTRG demonstrates effective detection of malicious nodes.
- The proposed method shows a reduced packet loss rate.
- CTTRG achieves a lower end-to-end delay compared to existing methods.
- Evaluation confirms the suitable and successful performance of CTTRG in enhancing WSN security and efficiency.
Conclusions:
- CTTRG offers a robust solution for secure and energy-efficient routing in WSNs.
- The integration of a TVT model and GOA-based routing tree significantly improves network security and stability.
- The findings highlight the importance of a holistic approach to routing protocol design in WSNs.

