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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

The Bohr Model

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Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...

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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

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Landau-Forbidden Quantum Criticality in Rydberg Quantum Simulators.

Jong Yeon Lee¹, Joshua Ramette^2,3, Max A Metlitski²

¹Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|September 8, 2023

Summary

Quantum simulators with Rydberg atoms exhibit deconfined quantum criticality (DQC), a rare phase transition. This exotic phenomenon, involving emergent symmetry, can be observed through specific measurements in these systems.

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Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Condensed matter physics
Atomic physics

Background:

Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory typically forbids continuous transitions between phases with distinct symmetries.
Quantum mechanics can enable exotic phenomena like deconfined quantum criticality (DQC) by intertwining symmetries.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the ground state phase diagram of a 1D array of neutral atoms with strong Rydberg interactions.
Demonstrate the existence of DQC and emergent continuous symmetry in this system.

Main Methods:

Extensive numerical simulations of a 1D array of individually trapped neutral atoms.
Analysis of ground state properties and phase transitions.

Main Results:

The system hosts various symmetry-breaking phases and transitions, including DQC.
An enlarged, emergent continuous symmetry arises at the DQC points.
This emergent symmetry is experimentally observable via joint distributions of order parameters.

Conclusions:

Rydberg atom quantum simulators are promising platforms for realizing DQC.
These simulators offer unique access to physical properties not available in traditional experiments.