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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Quantum simulation is crucial for understanding exotic topological phases of matter.
  • Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) processors offer a platform for such simulations.
  • Characterizing topological states requires advanced experimental techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and utilize a 43-qubit superconducting quantum processor for simulating topological phases.
  • To experimentally demonstrate the Hofstadter butterfly spectrum using engineered Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) models.
  • To verify the existence of topological zero modes in previously unrealized commensurate off-diagonal AAH models.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 43-qubit superconducting quantum processor named Chuang-tzu.
  • Engineering of diagonal and off-diagonal Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) models.
  • Application of Floquet engineering to study topological properties.
  • Experimental demonstration of complex band structures, including Dirac points and energy gap closing.

Main Results:

  • Successful experimental demonstration of the Hofstadter butterfly energy spectrum.
  • First-time experimental verification of topological zero modes in commensurate off-diagonal AAH models.
  • Observation of substantial topological features due to the large qubit number, including edge and bulk state distinctions.
  • Validation of a hybrid quantum simulation approach for topological systems.

Conclusions:

  • The 43-qubit processor enables detailed simulation and characterization of quantum topological systems.
  • The study provides a versatile hybrid approach for exploring topological phases in the NISQ era.
  • Experimental realization of topological zero modes opens new avenues in quantum matter research.