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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Non-equilibrium criticality-enhanced quantum sensing with superconducting qubits.

Hao Li¹, Yaoling Yang², Yun-Hao Shi³

¹Beijing Key Laboratory of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.

Science Bulletin

|June 1, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a novel quantum sensing approach using Stark-Wannier systems to achieve high precision. The method combines quantum criticality and non-equilibrium dynamics for enhanced sensitivity across broad parameter ranges.

Keywords:

Non-equilibrium dynamics Quantum criticality Quantum sensing Superconducting qubits

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Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Quantum sensing
Condensed matter physics

Background:

Quantum sensing offers precision beyond classical limits, known as quantum-enhanced precision.
Quantum criticality and non-equilibrium dynamics are known resources for quantum-enhanced precision.
Existing protocols often require complex preparation and measurements, limiting their applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

To unify quantum criticality and non-equilibrium dynamics for enhanced quantum sensing.
To explore a Stark-Wannier localization platform for quantum-enhanced sensitivity.
To demonstrate a versatile platform for quantum sensing without stringent measurement requirements.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a quantum probe on a 9-qubit superconducting quantum device.
Utilizing a Stark-Wannier localization platform with a linear gradient field and particle tunneling.
Exploring probe performance in extended, critical, and localized phases using computational-basis measurements.

Main Results:

Achieved near-Heisenberg-limited precision by combining outcomes at distinct evolution times.
Demonstrated enhanced sensitivity across an extended parameter regime by unifying quantum criticality and non-equilibrium dynamics.
Showcased superior probe performance in the extended phase compared to the localized regime.

Conclusions:

Stark-Wannier systems are versatile platforms for quantum sensing.
The combination of criticality and non-equilibrium dynamics enhances precision over a wide parameter range.
The developed approach offers high precision without stringent measurement requirements.