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Molecular characterization of human adenovirus causing infantile acute gastroenteritis in Venezuela before and after

Ruth Blanco1, Ana C Alcalá2, Rixio Fernández1

  • 1Laboratorio de Biología de Virus, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela.

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
|September 8, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Human adenoviruses (HAdV) caused significant pediatric gastroenteritis in Venezuela. Increased HAdV-F detection in vaccinated children highlights the need for broader viral surveillance beyond rotavirus.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Human adenoviruses (HAdV) species F are frequent causes of pediatric acute gastroenteritis (AGE).
  • The epidemiological impact of HAdV in Venezuela remained largely uncharacterized.
  • Understanding HAdV prevalence is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and molecular diversity of HAdV in Venezuelan children with AGE.
  • To analyze trends in HAdV detection over time and in relation to vaccination status.
  • To provide insights into the genetic relatedness of circulating HAdV strains.

Main Methods:

  • PCR detection of HAdV in 630 fecal samples from children with AGE across three Venezuelan cities (2001-2013).
  • Restriction Enzyme Analysis (REA) for species and type identification (F40/41).
  • Phylogenetic analysis of 28 HAdV genomes.

Main Results:

  • HAdV was detected in 19.5% of cases, primarily in female outpatients under 24 months.
  • A significant increasing trend in HAdV detection rates was observed over the study period.
  • Detection rates were substantially higher in rotavirus-vaccinated (28.4%) versus unvaccinated (9.5%) children.
  • HAdV-F, predominantly type 41 (79.8%), showed global genetic similarity and formed two major clades.

Conclusions:

  • HAdV, particularly type F41, plays a significant role in pediatric gastroenteritis in Venezuela.
  • The findings underscore the importance of monitoring HAdV alongside rotavirus, especially post-vaccine introduction.
  • Active surveillance for diverse viral pathogens is recommended for effective public health management.

Keywords:
Genetic variabilityHuman adenovirusMolecular typingPediatric acute gastroenteritis

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