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A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
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Testicular Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Anna Pliszka1, Sebastian Rajda1, Agata Wawrzyniak2
1Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-315 Rzeszow, Poland.
Abstract:
Approximately one-third of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is recognized in its metastatic stage. This systematic review aimed to summarize knowledge on the occurrence and treatment of testicular RCC metastasis. The literature search was performed by two authors independently, with the use of main electronic medical databases (Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed) until March 2023 to identify relevant articles that could potentially contribute to this review. Neither language nor publication dates were set as limits. Although we found a total of 51 case reports, only 31 of them contained all the required information. Testicular metastasis in patients with RCC suggests a late stage of the disease. Moreover, it usually does not present typical systemic or specific symptoms except for swelling and enlargement of the affected testis. Knowledge of the possibility of such variants of RCC metastases will allow a clinician to make an appropriate diagnosis and implement adequate treatment without delay, which is crucial in the management of neoplastic disease.
Insights
Testicular metastasis is a rare but significant sign of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Early recognition of this late-stage indicator is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment of metastatic RCC.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
- Medical Research
Background:
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently presents as metastatic disease.
- Testicular metastasis is an uncommon manifestation of advanced RCC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature on the occurrence and treatment of testicular metastasis in renal cell carcinoma patients.
- To enhance clinical awareness of this rare metastatic pattern.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major electronic medical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct) until March 2023.
- Inclusion criteria focused on case reports providing sufficient information on testicular RCC metastasis.
- Data extraction was performed independently by two authors.
Main Results:
- Out of 51 identified case reports, 31 met the inclusion criteria.
- Testicular metastasis in RCC typically indicates a late stage of the disease.
- Symptoms are often non-specific, primarily testicular swelling and enlargement.
Conclusions:
- Testicular metastasis is a late-stage indicator for renal cell carcinoma.
- Awareness of this presentation aids in prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation.
- Timely management is critical for improving outcomes in advanced neoplastic disease.
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