S100A8 and S100A9 in Hematologic Malignancies: From Development to Therapy

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Immunology
• Oncology

Background:

• S100A8 and S100A9 are multifunctional proteins involved in cellular signaling and immune cell function.
• These proteins are frequently dysregulated in various cancers, including hematologic malignancies, affecting disease progression and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the critical roles of S100A8, S100A9, and calprotectin in the malignant bone marrow microenvironment.
• To explore their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in hematologic malignancies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the functions of S100A8, S100A9, and calprotectin.
• Analysis of their involvement in cellular processes relevant to hematologic malignancies.
• Examination of their potential clinical applications.

Main Results:

• S100A8 and S100A9 modulate cell phenotype, influencing viability, differentiation, chemosensitivity, and trafficking.
• Calprotectin, formed by S100A8/S100A9 heterodimers/heterotetramers, actively promotes the malignant bone marrow microenvironment.
• These proteins play dual roles, potentially driving oncogenesis or ameliorating symptoms.

Conclusions:

• S100A8, S100A9, and calprotectin are key players in shaping the bone marrow microenvironment in hematologic malignancies.
• Their involvement across different disease stages highlights their significance from diagnosis to therapy.
• Targeting these proteins offers promising avenues for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in hematologic cancers.