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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2025

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Pelvic Extirpative Surgery for the "End-Stage Irradiated Bladder".

Nikolas Moring1, Seamus Barrett1, Andrew C Peterson2

  • 1Department of Urology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA.

Cancers
|September 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Managing the late effects of radiation therapy for prostate cancer can be challenging. This review details complications like fistulas and radiation cystitis, concluding that cystectomy with urinary diversion can improve quality of life for select patients.

Keywords:
cystectomycystitisextirpationfistulaileal conduitosteomyelitisprostate cancerradiationreconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Radiation therapy for prostate cancer can lead to severe long-term bladder complications.
  • These complications, including fistulas and radiation cystitis, present significant management challenges for patients and clinicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presentation, workup, and management of late radiation-induced bladder complications.
  • To highlight special considerations for benign cystectomy in irradiated bladders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of "end-stage bladder" complications following radiation therapy.
  • Analysis of current management strategies, including cystectomy and urinary diversion.

Main Results:

  • Urosymphyseal fistula, radiation cystitis, and rectourethral fistula are common and difficult-to-treat complications.
  • Conservative treatments often fail, ultimately necessitating cystectomy.

Conclusions:

  • Cystectomy with urinary diversion is a safe and effective option for select patients with end-stage irradiated bladders.
  • Careful consideration of patient-specific factors is crucial for successful management and improved quality of life.