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Robust PDF Watermarking against Print-Scan Attack.

Lei Li1, Hong-Jun Zhang1, Jia-Le Meng2

  • 1Command and Control Engineering College, Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, China.

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|September 9, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an invisible digital watermarking technique for Portable Document Format (PDF) files. The method enhances security against print-scan attacks, enabling effective leak tracing for both paper and scanned documents.

Keywords:
PDF protectiondigital watermarkingleak tracingprint–scan attackrobustness

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Information Security
  • Digital Forensics

Background:

  • Portable Document Format (PDF) files are ubiquitous for document exchange.
  • Current PDF watermarking methods often fail against print-scan attacks, hindering leak tracing.
  • Robust and invisible watermarking is crucial for securing distributed documents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an invisible digital watermarking technology for PDF files.
  • To ensure robustness against print-scan attacks for leak tracing.
  • To maintain imperceptibility for human observers.

Main Methods:

  • Modifying edge pixels of text strokes in original PDF documents.
  • Segmenting text lines and altering specific edge pixels based on pixel density.
  • Watermark embedding requires original PDF for detection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high robustness against print-scan, JPEG compression, and noise attacks.
  • Demonstrated imperceptibility with Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values exceeding 32 dB.
  • 100% accuracy in hidden information extraction under JPEG compression; lossless recovery without attacks.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a robust and invisible solution for PDF watermarking.
  • Effective for leak tracing of official paper documents after distribution.
  • Addresses limitations of existing methods against print-scan vulnerabilities.