PEMFCs Model-Based Fault Diagnosis: A Proposal Based on Virtual and Real Sensors Data Fusion

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are critical components in renewable hybrid systems, demanding reliable fault diagnosis to ensure optimal performance and prevent costly damages. This study presents a novel model-based fault diagnosis algorithm for commercial hydrogen fuel cells using LabView. Our research focused on power generation and storage using hydrogen fuel cells. The proposed algorithm accurately detects and isolates the most common faults in PEMFCs by combining virtual and real sensor data fusion. The fault diagnosis process began with simulating faults using a validated mathematical model and manipulating selected input signals. A statistical analysis of 12 residues from each fault resulted in a comprehensive fault matrix, capturing the unique fault signatures. The algorithm successfully identified and isolated 14 distinct faults, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing reliability and preventing performance deterioration or system shutdown in hydrogen fuel cell-based power generation systems.