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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
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Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
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Reclosers and Fuses01:26

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Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Security-Reliability Analysis of AF Full-Duplex Relay Networks Using Self-Energy Recycling and Deep Neural Networks.

Tan N Nguyen1, Bui Vu Minh2, Dinh-Hieu Tran3

  • 1Communication and Signal Processing Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes the security and reliability of wireless networks that transfer both power and information. Researchers developed new methods to predict network performance and used deep learning for accurate results.

Keywords:
deep learning network (DNN)full duplex (FD)intercept probability (IP)outage probability (OP)physical layer security (PLS)self-energy recycling

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless communication networks
  • Information theory
  • Network security

Background:

  • Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) is crucial for sustainable wireless networks.
  • Amplify-and-Forward (AF) full-duplex (FD) relays face challenges in balancing security and reliability.
  • Power-splitting (PS) protocols are commonly used for energy harvesting in relays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the security-reliability trade-offs in SWIPT-assisted AF-FD relay networks.
  • To develop analytical frameworks for evaluating network performance.
  • To explore the application of deep learning for performance prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of closed-form formulas for outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP).
  • Asymptotic analysis of OP and IP to gain insights into system parameters.
  • Monte Carlo simulations for validating analytical models.
  • Development of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) for OP and IP prediction.

Main Results:

  • Closed-form expressions for OP and IP were derived, providing a theoretical basis for analysis.
  • Asymptotic analysis revealed key system parameters influencing security and reliability.
  • Monte Carlo simulations confirmed the accuracy of the analytical findings.
  • A DNN model demonstrated high accuracy and low complexity for performance prediction.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive analysis of security-reliability in SWIPT-assisted AF-FD relay networks.
  • Analytical and simulation results offer valuable insights for network design and optimization.
  • The proposed DNN presents an efficient approach for predicting network performance.