Immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of flupyradifurone in grape, blueberry, and tomato samples

Flupyradifurone (FPF) is a neonicotinoid insecticide that effectively controls the spread of various pests. In this study, we established an immunochromatographic assay based on a highly specific and sensitive anti-FPF monoclonal antibody (mAb) to screen for FPF residues in grapes, blueberries, and tomatoes. The cut-off value for the immunochromatographic assay was 5 mg/kg for grapes and 10 mg/kg for blueberries and tomatoes. The calculated limit of detection of the immunochromatographic assay was 0.009 mg/kg, 0.033 mg/kg, and 0.040 mg/kg for grapes, blueberries, and tomatoes, respectively. The recovery rates of the immunochromatographic assay were 97.0-108.2 % in grape samples, 90.9-105.1 % in blueberry samples, and 94.0-103.7 % in tomato samples, and the detection results were highly consistent with LC-MS/MS results. Therefore, this immunochromatographic assay was an effective and rapid tool for screening for FPF in grapes, blueberries, and tomatoes.